Quantum Computing Timeline
Quantum Hypothesis
Max Planck introduces the concept of energy quanta.
1900Photoelectric Effect
Einstein explains light as discrete quanta (photons).
1905Schrödinger Equation
Erwin Schrödinger formulates wave mechanics.
1926EPR Paradox
Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen describe quantum entanglement.
1935Bell’s Theorem
John Bell proves quantum entanglement defies local realism.
1964Feynman Lecture
Richard Feynman suggests quantum computers for simulating physics.
1981Deutsch’s Model
David Deutsch formalizes the idea of a universal quantum computer.
1985Shor’s Algorithm
Efficient factorization algorithm threatens RSA encryption.
1994Grover’s Algorithm
Quadratic speedup for database search.
1996Quantum Error Correction
Shor and Steane develop error-correcting codes for qubits.
1998Topological Quantum Computing
Kitaev introduces fault-tolerant model using anyons.
2009First NMR Quantum Computer
A 7-qubit liquid-state NMR computer demonstrates Shor’s algorithm.
2001D-Wave Systems
D-Wave announces the first commercial quantum annealer.
2007Superconducting Qubits
IBM demonstrates progress in superconducting transmon qubits.
2011IBM Quantum Experience
IBM puts a 5-qubit quantum computer on the cloud for public use.
2016Google Quantum Supremacy
Sycamore processor solves a problem in 200 seconds vs 10,000 years classically.
2019China’s Jiuzhang
Chinese photonic quantum computer demonstrates supremacy in boson sampling.
2020Quantum Volume Milestones
IBM, IonQ, and Rigetti showcase progress in scalable qubit architectures.
2021Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing
Error-corrected universal quantum computers become practical.
2030sQuantum Internet
Global-scale entanglement enables secure quantum communication.
2040sQuantum AI
Quantum-enhanced machine learning reshapes science and industry.
2050s